Apinae Trigona
Cytogenetic data
| Tribe | Species | Sample local | Country(ies) | Haploid(n) | Diploid(2n) | Karyotype | Notes | Genome size (pg) | Classic cytogenetic data | Molecular cytogenetic data | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meliponini | Trigona branneri | Cuiabá, Mato Grosso | Brazil | 17.0 | 34.0 | 2k= 16acrocentric + 16pseudo-acrocentric + 2metacentric | C-banding | CMA3 | Costa et al. 2004 | ||
| Meliponini | Trigona braueri | Pedra Branca, Bahia | Brazil | 32.0 | 2k= 2metacentric + 4acrocentric + 26pseudo-acrocentric | as Trigona fulviventris | C-banding | DAPI/CMA3 | Domingues et al. 2005 | ||
| Meliponini | Trigona chanchamayoensis | Cuiabá, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso | Brazil | 17.0 | 34.0 | 2k= 20acrocentric + 12pseudo-acrocentric + 2metacentric | C-banding | CMA3 | Costa et al. 2004 Fernandes et al. 2013b | ||
| Meliponini | Trigona fuscipennis | Florestal, Minas Gerais | Brazil | 34.0 | 2k= 26metacentric + 6submetacentric + 2subtelocentric | as Trigona aff. fuscipennis | C-banding | FISH (ribosomal, microsatellites, repetitive probes) | Teixeira et al. 2023 Pereira et al. 2023 | ||
| Meliponini | Trigona hyalinata | Cuiabá, Mato Grosso; Viçosa, Minas Gerais | Brazil | 17.0 | 34.0 | 2k= 6acrocentric + 28pseudo-acrocentric; 2k= 26metacentric + 8submetacentric | 0.53 | C-banding | FISH (ribosomal, microsatellites, repetitive probes) | Costa et al. 2004 Cunha et al. 2021 Cunha et al. 2024 Teixeira et al. 2023 | |
| Meliponini | Trigona hypogea | Altamira, Pará | Brazil | 34.0 | 2k= 24metacentric + 8submetacentric + 2subtelocentric | C-banding | FISH (ribosomal, microsatellites probe) | Teixeira et al. 2023 | |||
| Meliponini | Trigona pallens | Urbano Santos, Maranhão; Altamira, Pará | Brazil | 34.0 | 2k= 26metacentric + 6submetacentric + 2subtelocentric | 0.81 | C-banding | FISH (ribosomal, microsatellites, repetitive probes) | Tavares et al. 2012 Teixeira et al. 2023 Pereira et al. 2023 | ||
| Meliponini | Trigona pellucida | Aripuana, Juína, Mato Grosso | Brazil | 10.0 | 20.0 | 2k= 14metacentric + 4submetacentric + 2 acrocentric | Giemsa | CMA3; FISH (ribosomal, microsatellites probes) | Dalbosco et al. 2025 | ||
| Meliponini | Trigona recursa | Luislândia, Januária, Minas Gerais; Cuiabá, Mato Grosso | Brazil | 17.0 | 34.0 | variable among populations | C-banding | CMA3; FISH (ribosomal, microsatellites, repetitive probes) | Rocha et al. 2003a Costa et al. 2004 Cunha et al. 2021 Cunha et al. 2024 Pereira et al. 2023 | ||
| Meliponini | Trigona sp. | Cônego Marinho, Minas Gerais | Brazil | 17.0 | k= 2acrocentric + 15pseudo-acrocentric | as Trigona cfr. fuscipennis | C-banding | Rocha et al. 2003a | |||
| Meliponini | Trigona sp. | Urbano Santos, Maranhão | Brazil | as Trigona fulviventris | 0.70 | Tavares et al. 2012 | |||||
| Meliponini | Trigona spinipes | Bandeira, Januária, Janaúba, Bocaiúva, Mutum, Raul Soares, Florestal, Viçosa, Minas Gerais; Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo; Palotina, Paraná; Coaraci, Bahia; Milagres, Ceará | Brazil | 17.0 | 34.0 | variable among populations | 0.42-0.44 | Giemsa, C-banding | DAPI/CMA3; FISH (ribosomal, microsatellites, repetitive, satellite probes) | Rocha et al. 2003a Tavares et al. 2012 Barboza and Costa 2021 Tavares et al. 2021 Pereira et al. 2023 Vignati et al. 2025 | |
| Meliponini | Trigona truculenta | Altamira, Pará | Brazil | 34.0 | 2k= 18metacentric + 14submetacentric + 2subtelocentric | C-banding | FISH (ribosomal, microsatellites probes) | Teixeira et al. 2023 | |||
| Meliponini | Trigona williana | Altamira, Pará | Brazil | 34.0 | 2k= 26metacentric + 6submetacentric + 2subtelocentric | C-banding | FISH (ribosomal, microsatellites, repetitive probes) | Teixeira et al. 2023 Pereira et al. 2023 |
Chromosome classification: Levan et al. (1964): metacentric (m), submetacentric (sm), subtelocentric (st), or acrocentric (a). Imai (1991): metacentric (M) or acrocentric (A), with a variety of forms depending on the position of the heterochromatin on the karyotype.
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Histogram
Bibliography
Domingues, A.M.T., Waldschmidt, A.M., Andrade, S.E., Andrade-Souza, V., Alves, R.M.O., Silva Junior, J.C., Costa, M.A. Karyotype characterization of Trigona fulviventris Guérin, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) by C banding and fluorochrome staining: Report of a new chromosome number in the genus. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 28 : pp 390-393. 2005. DOI: [10.1590/S1415-47572005000300009 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572005000300009]
Fernandes, A., Barth, A., Sampaio, W.S. Caracterização citogenética da espécie Trigona chanchamayoensis (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) encontrada no cerrado brasileiro. Evolução e Conservação da Biodiversidade, 4 : pp 63-67. 2013b. DOI: [10.7902/ecb.v4i2.55 https://doi.org/10.7902/ecb.v4i2.55]
Barboza, V.P., Costa, M.A. Cytogenetic Analysis in Trigona spinipes Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Meliponina) reveals intraspecific variation. Neotropical Entomology, 50 : pp 846-849. 2021. DOI: [10.1007/s13744-021-00853-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-021-00853-7]
Tavares, M.G., Carvalho, C.R., Soares, F.A.F., Campos, L.A.O. Genome size diversity in stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini). Apidologie, 43 : pp 731-736. 2012. DOI: [10.1007/s13592-012-0145-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-012-0145-x]
Tavares, M.G., Ferreira, R.P., Travenzoli, N.M., Lopes, D.M. Karyotypic variation in the stingless bee Trigona spinipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) from different geographical regions of Brazil. Apidologie, 52 : pp 1358-1367. 2021. DOI: [10.1007/s13592-021-00906-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-021-00906-1]
Teixeira, G.A., Ferreira, R.P., Lopes, D.M. Comparative cytogenetic analysis reveals chromosomal variability in five stingless bees of the genus Trigona (Apidae, Apinae, Meliponini). Apidologie, 54 : pp 22. 2023. DOI: [10.1007/s13592-023-01002-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-023-01002-2]
Costa, K.F., Brito, R.M., Miyazawa, C.S. Karyotypic description of four species of Trigona (Jurine, 1807) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 27 : pp 187-190. 2004. DOI: [10.1590/S1415-47572004000200010 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572004000200010]
Pereira, J.A., Cabral-de-Mello, D.C., Lopes, D.M. The Satellite DNAs populating the genome of Trigona hyalinata and the sharing of a highly abundant satDNA in Trigona Genus. Genes, 14 : pp 418. 2023. DOI: [10.3390/genes14020418 https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14020418]
Vignati, Z.B.M., Teixeira, G.A., Cunha, M.S., Pereira, J.A., Lopes, D.M. Cytogenomics of Frieseomelitta varia (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and the sharing of a satellite DNA family in several Neotropical Meliponini genera. Genes, 16 : pp 86. 2025. DOI: [10.3390/genes16010086 https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16010086]
Cunha, M.S., Soares, F.A.F., Clarindo, W.R., Campos, L.A.O., Lopes, D.M. Robertsonian rearrangements in Neotropical Meliponini karyotype evolution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Insect Molecular Biology, 30 : pp 379-389. 2021. DOI: [10.1111/imb.12702 https://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12702]
Rocha, M.P., Pompolo, S.G., Campos, L.A.O. Citogenética da tribo Meliponini (Hymenoptera, Apidae). UNESC, Criciúma, : pp 311-320. 2003a
Cunha, M.S., Garcia, M.V.B., Campos, L.A.O., Lopes, D.M. Cytotaxonomy and karyotype evolution in Neotropical Meliponini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) inferred by chromosomal mapping of 18S rDNA and five microsatellites. Journal of Apicultural Research, 63 : pp 208-218. 2024. DOI: [10.1080/00218839.2023.2179228 https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2023.2179228]
Dalbosco, A.M., Barth, A., Costa, M.A. New highly discordant chromosome number and cytogenetic characterization in Trigona (Apidae, Meliponini). Apidologie, 56 : pp 64. 2025. DOI: [10.1007/s13592-025-01189-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-025-01189-6]