Apinae Bombus

Cytogenetic data

TribeSpeciesSample localCountry(ies)Haploid(n)Diploid(2n)KaryotypeNotesGenome size (pg)Classic cytogenetic dataMolecular cytogenetic dataReferences
BombiniBombus affinisLocality not specifiedNorth America18.0Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus appositusAlbertaCanada16.0Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus ardensHigashimatsuyama, Saitama; Itabashi-ku, TokyoJapan18.0k= 7pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 9metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus ashtoniLocality not specifiedNorth America25.0as Psithyrus ashtoniOwen 1983  
BombiniBombus bimaculatusGuelph, OntarioCanada0.34Ardila-Garcia et al. 2010  
BombiniBombus bimaculatusOntarioCanada18.0Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus borealisOntarioCanada16.032.0Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus californicusAlbertaCanada19.0Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus citrinusOntarioCanada26.0as Psithyrus citrinusOwen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus consobrinusFuji, ShizuokaJapan19.038.0presence of polimorphic chromosomes with different C-banding patternsas Bombus consobrinus wittenburgiC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus cryptarumAlbertaCanada18.0As Bombus (Bombus) moderatusOwen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus deuteronymusFuji, ShizuokaJapan23.046.0presence of polimorphic chromosomes with different C-banding patternsas Bombus deuteronymus maruhanabachiC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus diversusCape Ochiishi, Hokkaido; Lake Yamanaka, YamanashiJapan18.0k= 2pseudo-acrocentric + 8acrocentric + 8metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus ephippiatusLocality not specifiedNorth America18.0Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus fervidusOntarioCanada18.036.0Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus griseocollisOntarioCanada18.0Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus hypocritaFuji, ShizuokaJapan18.0k= 5pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 11metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus honshuensisLake Yamanaka, YamanashiJapan17.034.0k= 3pseudo-acrocentric + 3acrocentric + 11metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus huntiiAlbertaCanada18.0Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus ignitusTsu, Mie; Tochigi PrefJapan18.0k= 4pseudo-acrocentric + 3acrocentric + 11metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus impatiensGuelph, OntarioCanada0.47Ardila-Garcia et al. 2010  
BombiniBombus impatiensLocality not specified0.52Hanrahan and Johnston 2011  
BombiniBombus impatiensOntarioCanada18.0Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus melanopygusLocality not specifiedNorth America18.0Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus mixtusLocality not specifiedNorth America18.0Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus morioLocality not specified20.0Kerr and Silveira 1972  
BombiniBombus nevadensisAlbertaCanada17-18Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus occidentalisLocality not specified0.46Hanrahan and Johnston 2011  
BombiniBombus occidentalisAlbertaCanada18.0Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus pauloensisLocality not specified20.040.0as Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratusKerr and Silveira 1972  Garófalo and Kerr 1975  
BombiniBombus pennsylvanicusOntarioCanada36.0Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus perplexusOntarioCanada12.0Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus pseudobaicalensisCape Ochiishi and Kawakami, HokkaidoJapan17.034.0k= 3pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 12metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus rufocinctusOntarioCanada18.0Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus schrenckiCape Ochiishi, HokkaidoJapan17.034.0k= 17metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus sitkensisLocality not specifiedNorth America18.0Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus ternariusLocality not specifiedNorth America18.0Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus terrestrisTokyoJapan18.036.0Ayabe et al. 2004  
BombiniBombus terrestrisBasel or Winterthur or ZürichSwitzerland18.00.42 - 0.64Gadau et al. 2001  Wilfert et al. 2006  Gregory et al. 2007  Stolle et al. 2011  
BombiniBombus terricolaOntarioCanada18.0Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus ussurensisFuji, ShizuokaJapan18.0k= 3pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 13metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus vagansOntarioCanada18.0Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus vosnesenskiiLocality not specifiedNorth America18.0Owen 1983  

Chromosome classification: Levan et al. (1964): metacentric (m), submetacentric (sm), subtelocentric (st), or acrocentric (a). Imai (1991): metacentric (M) or acrocentric (A), with a variety of forms depending on the position of the heterochromatin on the karyotype.

You can download this data as csv.

Histogram

Bibliography

Ardila-Garcia, A.M., Umphrey, G.J., Gregory, T.R. An expansion of the genome size dataset for the insect order Hymenoptera, with a first test of parasitism and eusociality as possible constraints. Insect Molecular Biology, 19 : pp 337-346. 2010. DOI: [10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.00992.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.00992.x]

Stolle, E., Wilfert, L., Schmid-Hempel, R., Schmid-Hempel, P., Kube, M., Reinhardt, R., Moritz, R.F. A second generation genetic map of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) reveals slow genome and chromosome evolution in the Apidae. BMC Genomics, 12 : pp 48. 2011. DOI: [10.1186/1471-2164-12-48 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-48]

Ayabe, T., Hoshiba, H., Ono, M. Cytological evidence for triploid males and females in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. Chromosome research, 12 : pp 215-223. 2004. DOI: [10.1023/B:CHRO.0000021880.83639.4b https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CHRO.0000021880.83639.4b]

Gadau, J., Gerloff, C.U., Krüger, N., Chan, H., Schmid-Hempel, P., Wille, A., Page Jr, R.E. A linkage analysis of sex determination in Bombus terrestris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Heredity, 87 : pp 234-242. 2001. DOI: [10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00919.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00919.x]

Garófalo, C.A., Kerr, W.E. Sex determination in bees. I. Balance between femaleness and maleness genes in Bombus atratus Franklin (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Genetica, 45 : pp 203-209. 1975. DOI: [10.1007/BF01517196 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01517196]

Gregory, T.R., Nicol, J.A., Tamm, H., Kullman, B., Kullman, K., Leitch, I.J., Murray, B.G., Kapraun, D.F., Greilhuber, J., Bennett, M.D. Eukaryotic genome size databases. Nucleic Acids Research, 35 : pp D332-D338. 2007. DOI: [10.1093/nar/gkl828 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkl828]

Hanrahan, S.J., Johnston, J.S. New genome size estimates of 134 species of arthropods. Chromosome Research, 19 : pp 809-823. 2011. DOI: [10.1007/s10577-011-9231-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-011-9231-6]

Owen, R.E. Chromosome numbers of 15 North American bumble bee species (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 25 : pp 26-29. 1983. DOI: [10.1139/g83-004 https://doi.org/10.1139/g83-004]

Owen, R.E., Richards, K.W., Wilkes, A. Chromosome numbers and karyotypic variation in bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombini). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 68 : pp 290-302. 1995

Hoshiba, H., Imai, H. Chromosome evolution of bees and wasps (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) on the basis of C-banding pattern analyses. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 61 : pp 465-492. 1993

Wilfert, L., Gadau, J., Schmid-Hempel, P. A core linkage map of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Genome, 49 : pp 1215-1226. 2006. DOI: [10.1139/g06-075 https://doi.org/10.1139/g06-075]

Kerr, W.E., Silveira, Z.V.D. Karyotypic evolution of bees and corresponding taxonomic implications. Evolution, 26 : pp 197-202. 1972. DOI: [10.1111/j.1558-5646.1972.tb00187.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1972.tb00187.x]