Apinae Bombus

Cytogenetic data

TribeSpeciesSample localCountry(ies)Haploid(n)Diploid(2n)KaryotypeNotesGenome size (pg)Classic cytogenetic dataMolecular cytogenetic dataReferences
BombiniBombus affinisLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus appositusAlbertaCanada16Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus ardensHigashimatsuyama, Saitama; Itabashi-ku, TokyoJapan18k= 7pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 9metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus ashtoniLocality not specifiedNorth America25as Psithyrus ashtoniOwen 1983  
BombiniBombus bimaculatusGuelph, OntarioCanada0.34Ardila-Garcia et al. 2010  
BombiniBombus bimaculatusOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus borealisOntarioCanada1632Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus californicusAlbertaCanada19Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus citrinusOntarioCanada26as Psithyrus citrinusOwen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus consobrinusFuji, ShizuokaJapan1938presence of polimorphic chromosomes with different C-banding patternsas Bombus consobrinus wittenburgiC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus cryptarumAlbertaCanada18As Bombus (Bombus) moderatusOwen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus deuteronymusFuji, ShizuokaJapan2346presence of polimorphic chromosomes with different C-banding patternsas Bombus deuteronymus maruhanabachiC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus diversusCape Ochiishi, Hokkaido; Lake Yamanaka, YamanashiJapan18k= 2pseudo-acrocentric + 8acrocentric + 8metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus ephippiatusLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus fervidusOntarioCanada1836Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus griseocollisOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus hypocritaFuji, ShizuokaJapan18k= 5pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 11metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus honshuensisLake Yamanaka, YamanashiJapan1734k= 3pseudo-acrocentric + 3acrocentric + 11metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus huntiiAlbertaCanada18Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus ignitusTsu, Mie; Tochigi PrefJapan18k= 4pseudo-acrocentric + 3acrocentric + 11metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus impatiensGuelph, OntarioCanada0.47Ardila-Garcia et al. 2010  
BombiniBombus impatiensLocality not specified0.52Hanrahan and Johnston 2011  
BombiniBombus impatiensOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus melanopygusLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus mixtusLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus morioLocality not specified20Kerr and Silveira 1972  
BombiniBombus nevadensisAlbertaCanada17-18Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus occidentalisLocality not specified0.46Hanrahan and Johnston 2011  
BombiniBombus occidentalisAlbertaCanada18Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus pauloensisLocality not specified2040as Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratusKerr and Silveira 1972  Garófalo and Kerr 1975  
BombiniBombus pennsylvanicusOntarioCanada36Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus perplexusOntarioCanada12Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus pseudobaicalensisCape Ochiishi and Kawakami, HokkaidoJapan1734k= 3pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 12metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus rufocinctusOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus schrenckiCape Ochiishi, HokkaidoJapan1734k= 17metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus sitkensisLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus ternariusLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
BombiniBombus terrestrisTokyoJapan1836Ayabe et al. 2004  
BombiniBombus terrestrisBasel or Winterthur or ZürichSwitzerland180.42 - 0.64Gadau et al. 2001  Wilfert et al. 2006  Gregory et al. 2007  Stolle et al. 2011  
BombiniBombus terricolaOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus ussurensisFuji, ShizuokaJapan18k= 3pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 13metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
BombiniBombus vagansOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
BombiniBombus vosnesenskiiLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  

Chromosome classification: Levan et al. (1964): metacentric (m), submetacentric (sm), subtelocentric (st), or acrocentric (a). Imai (1991): metacentric (M) or acrocentric (A), with a variety of forms depending on the position of the heterochromatin on the karyotype.

You can download this data as csv.

Histogram

Bibliography

Ardila-Garcia, A.M., Umphrey, G.J., Gregory, T.R. An expansion of the genome size dataset for the insect order Hymenoptera, with a first test of parasitism and eusociality as possible constraints. Insect Molecular Biology, 19 : pp 337-346. 2010. DOI: [10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.00992.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.00992.x]

Garófalo, C.A., Kerr, W.E. Sex determination in bees. I. Balance between femaleness and maleness genes in Bombus atratus Franklin (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Genetica, 45 : pp 203-209. 1975. DOI: [10.1007/BF01517196 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01517196]

Ayabe, T., Hoshiba, H., Ono, M. Cytological evidence for triploid males and females in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. Chromosome research, 12 : pp 215-223. 2004. DOI: [10.1023/B:CHRO.0000021880.83639.4b https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CHRO.0000021880.83639.4b]

Gadau, J., Gerloff, C.U., Krüger, N., Chan, H., Schmid-Hempel, P., Wille, A., Page Jr, R.E. A linkage analysis of sex determination in Bombus terrestris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Heredity, 87 : pp 234-242. 2001. DOI: [10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00919.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00919.x]

Owen, R.E. Chromosome numbers of 15 North American bumble bee species (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 25 : pp 26-29. 1983. DOI: [10.1139/g83-004 https://doi.org/10.1139/g83-004]

Owen, R.E., Richards, K.W., Wilkes, A. Chromosome numbers and karyotypic variation in bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombini). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 68 : pp 290-302. 1995

Hanrahan, S.J., Johnston, J.S. New genome size estimates of 134 species of arthropods. Chromosome Research, 19 : pp 809-823. 2011. DOI: [10.1007/s10577-011-9231-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-011-9231-6]

Gregory, T.R., Nicol, J.A., Tamm, H., Kullman, B., Kullman, K., Leitch, I.J., Murray, B.G., Kapraun, D.F., Greilhuber, J., Bennett, M.D. Eukaryotic genome size databases. Nucleic Acids Research, 35 : pp D332-D338. 2007. DOI: [10.1093/nar/gkl828 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkl828]

Wilfert, L., Gadau, J., Schmid-Hempel, P. A core linkage map of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Genome, 49 : pp 1215-1226. 2006. DOI: [10.1139/g06-075 https://doi.org/10.1139/g06-075]

Hoshiba, H., Imai, H. Chromosome evolution of bees and wasps (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) on the basis of C-banding pattern analyses. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 61 : pp 465-492. 1993

Kerr, W.E., Silveira, Z.V.D. Karyotypic evolution of bees and corresponding taxonomic implications. Evolution, 26 : pp 197-202. 1972. DOI: [10.1111/j.1558-5646.1972.tb00187.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1972.tb00187.x]

Stolle, E., Wilfert, L., Schmid-Hempel, R., Schmid-Hempel, P., Kube, M., Reinhardt, R., Moritz, R.F. A second generation genetic map of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) reveals slow genome and chromosome evolution in the Apidae. BMC Genomics, 12 : pp 48. 2011. DOI: [10.1186/1471-2164-12-48 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-48]